Catalog Number:

MO15039

Product Type:

Purified

Immunogen Sequence:

E. coli -derived rhOtx2

Host:

Mouse

Reactivity:

Human

Applications:

Immunocytochemistry, Western Blotting

Description:

OTX2 is a homeobox family gene related to a Drosophila gene expressed in the developing head. Simeone et al. (1992) identified rodent OTX2. Homologs are also found in the chicken, zebrafish, and Xenopus. Boncinelli et al. (1993) showed that Otx2 is expressed in the dorsal and most of the ventral regions of the telencephalon, diencephalon, and mesencephalon of developing mouse brain embryos. Its pattern of expression is wider than that of Otx1. Developmentally, Otx2 is expressed first, followed by Otx1, Emx2, and finally by Emx1. Using a transgenic mouse strain under conditional Otx2 gene ablation, Nishida et al. (2003) found that Otx2 deficiency converted differentiating photoreceptor cells to amacrine-like neurons, reflecting a change in progenitor cell fate, and led to a total lack of pinealocytes in the pineal gland. Expression studies suggested that Otx2 is a direct upstream regulator of another cone-rod homeobox-containing gene, Crx, via binding to specific consensus sequences in the Crx promoter. The findings identified Otx2 as a key regulatory gene in photoreceptor cell development.

Reference:

1. Boncinelli, E.; Gulisano, M.; Broccoli, V. : Emx and Otx homeobox genes in the developing mouse brain. J. Neurobiol. 24: 1356-1366, 1993.

2. Broccoli, V.; Boncinelli, E.; Wurst, W. : The caudal limit of Otx2 expression positions the isthmic organizer. Nature 401: 164-168, 1999.

3. Florell, S. R.; Townsend, J. J.; Klatt, E. C.; Pysher, T. J.; Coffin, C. M.; Wittwer, C. T.; Viskochil, D. H. : Aprosencephaly and cerebellar dysgenesis in sibs. Am. J. Med. Genet. 63: 542-548, 1996.

4. Kastury, K.; Druck, T.; Huebner, K.; Barletta, C.; Acampora, D.; Simeone, A.; Faiella, A.; Boncinelli, E. : Chromosome locations of human EMX and OTX genes. Genomics 22: 41-45, 1994.

5. Kelley, C. G.; Lavorgna, G.; Clark, M. E.; Boncinelli, E.; Mellon, P. L. : The Otx2 homeoprotein regulates expression from the gonadotropin-releasing hormone proximal promoter. Molec. Endocr. 14: 1246-1256, 2000.

6. Millet, S.; Campbell, K.; Epstein, D. J.; Losos, K.; Harris, E.; Joyner, A. L. : A role for Gbx2 in repression of Otx2 and positioning the mid/hindbrain organizer. Nature 401: 161-164, 1999.

7. Nishida, A.; Furukawa, A.; Koike, C.; Tano, Y.; Aizawa, S.; Matsuo, I.; Furukawa, T. : Otx2 homeobox gene controls retinal photoreceptor cell fate and pineal gland development. Nature Neurosci. 6: 1255-1263, 2003.

8. Simeone, A.; Acampora, D.; Gulisano, M.; Stornaiuolo, A.; Boncinelli, E. : Nested expression domains of four homeobox genes in developing rostral brain. Nature 358: 687-690, 1992 .